What is graphic novel ? Discuss Bhimayana as a graphic novel
Ans: A graphic novel is a literary form that combines sequential art (illustrations arranged in a sequence) with text to tell a story or convey information. It is distinct from traditional comic books in that it often presents a complete, standalone narrative in a longer and more sophisticated format. Graphic novels typically have a beginning, middle, and end, with a cohesive storyline that unfolds through a series of illustrated panels. The narrative can be fictional or non-fictional, and it often incorporates literary techniques such as plot development, character arcs, and thematic exploration
Bhimayana: Experience of Untouchability is a groundbreaking graphic novel that redefines the traditional boundaries of the graphic novel form through its unique approach to storytelling and artistic expression. Created by Srividya Natarajan in collaboration with artists Durgabai Vyam and Subhash Vyam, Bhimayana challenges conventional graphic novel norms by infusing it with the rich cultural traditions of India, particularly the Gond art style.
The graphic novel, Bhimayana: Experiences of Untouchability shows the all pervasive caste system through the life story of B.R Ambedkar primarily focusing on the humiliations he suffered on account of his birth in a Dalit community .
The graphic novel begins with an argument about the quota system between two youths sitting on a bench that has been bifurcated with a figure seated at the central. This figure’s arms and legs are branched out in opposing directions pointing towards the youths. This opposite branching reflects the public discourse about the quota system and the confusion of the readers who do not understand the binary of the caste system and its manifold troubles.
In Bhimyana, artistic devices such as imagery, symbolism, parallelism, metaphor, irony, reportage and journalism are employed. Ambedkar’s basic need for water is manifested in the image of a fish out of water. The image of the thirsty boy pleading for water is followed by the newspaper clipping showing atrocities on Dalits for drawing water from the public tanks and wells in the present times. Juxtaposition of the past and present reveals the bitter fact that Dalits are still being considered sub-humans even below the animalistic existence.
One of the most striking departures from typical graphic novel conventions in Bhimayana is the abandonment of sequential art, which is a defining feature of most graphic novels. Instead, Durgabai and Subhash Vyam utilize the pardhan gond art style, a traditional Indian art form, to narrate the life story and teachings of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar. This artistic choice allows the story and imagery to flow organically across the pages, breaking away from linear storytelling and embracing a more open and holistic visual narrative.
The use of animal symbolism and anthropomorphization in the artwork is another significant aspect of Bhimayana. In Gond art tradition, animals are often used to convey emotions and events metaphorically. For instance, the representation of lions and crocodiles symbolizes the oppressive Brahmin caste, while fish and elephants signify the thirst and struggles of the Dalit community. This symbolism adds layers of meaning and emotional depth to the narrative, allowing readers to connect with the story on a profound level.
Moreover, the incorporation of color into the artwork, a departure from the typical black-and-white format of many graphic novels, is a deliberate choice that adds vibrancy and cultural richness to the visuals. By using color selectively to highlight specific elements against a predominantly black-and-white backdrop, the artists draw attention to key motifs and themes, such as the significance of water and the struggles of the Dalit community.
The unique visual style of Bhimayana reflects a fusion of cultural heritage and contemporary storytelling, offering readers a fresh perspective on social and political issues through the lens of Indian artistry. This innovative approach not only challenges traditional notions of graphic storytelling but also invites readers to engage with the narrative in a more immersive and culturally resonant manner.
Bhimayana stands out as a graphic novel that transcends conventional boundaries by embracing indigenous art forms, utilizing symbolic imagery, and incorporating vibrant colors to tell a compelling story of social injustice and resilience. By breaking away from established graphic novel norms, Bhimayana exemplifies the transformative potential of visual storytelling in conveying complex narratives and fostering cross-cultural understanding.
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